Caesar ii user manual pdf

You can verify your model using the Graphics or List utilities, although a combination of both modes is recommended. By default, the graphics screen displays to the right of the input spreadsheet. You can click the small pin in the upper-left corner to collapse the input spreadsheet to provide maximum graphic space.

The two main functions of this error check are to verify your input data by checking each individual piping element for consistency and to build the execution data files used by the analysis and review processes. Errors that will prevent the analysis from running such as a corrosion allowance greater than the wall thickness are flagged as fatal errors and display in red text. Unusual items such as a change of direction without a bend or intersection are flagged as warnings and display in green text.

Other informational messages that may show intermediate calculations or general notes display in blue text. All messages display in the Errors and Warnings tab next to the model graphics.

When you double-click an error or warning message, CAESAR II displays the spreadsheet of the associated element and highlights the element in the graphic display.

You can sort error messages by clicking the column titles. Use the options arrow on the Error Check icon to display only fatal errors or all errors.

If there is a fatal error, you must return to the input module to make corrections. Click the Classic Piping Input tab or double-click the row number for the error message. If the error check process completes without fatal errors, a center of gravity report displays, the analysis data files are generated, and the solution phase can commence.

If fatal errors do exist, the analysis data files are not generated and the solution phase cannot begin. You must make corrections and rerun the Error Checker until successful before analysis is permitted. Building Load Cases After the analysis data files have been created by the error checker, you can run a static analysis.

The first step of a static analysis is to define the load cases. For new jobs there are no previous solution files available , the static analysis module recommends load cases to you based on the load types encountered in the input file. These recommended load cases are usually sufficient to satisfy the piping code requirements for the Sustained and Expansion load cases.

If the recommended load cases are not satisfactory, you can modify them. The Static Analysis dialog box displays. You can build loads two ways: Combine the load components defined in the input weight, displacements, thermal cases, and so forth into load cases basic cases , or Combine pre-existing load cases into new load cases combination cases.

Build the basic cases by selecting one or more load components in the Loads Defined in Input list and then dragging and dropping them to the Load Cases list to the right. You can also type on any of the individual load case lines. Stress types indicating which code equations should be used to calculate and check the stresses are selected from the Stress Type list. Combination cases, if needed, must follow the basic cases.

You can build combination cases by selecting one or more load components and the dragging and dropping the basic load cases from earlier in the load case list to combine cases or blank load cases later in the list.

You can have a maximum of static load cases. For more information, see Static Analysis Dialog Box on page Run a static analysis After the load cases are defined, you can run the analysis.

The analysis creates the element stiffness matrices and load vectors and solves for displacements, forces and moments, reactions, and stresses. The analysis also performs the design and selection of spring hangers and iterative stiffness matrix modifications for nonlinear restraints. Finally, the Static Output Processor window displays. Static Output Review When the analysis is finished, you can review the results using the Static Output Processor window.

The Static Output Processor window displays. In the Load Case Analyzed list, select one or more load cases for which to review results. In the Standard Reports list, select one or more reports to review.

Click Finish to view the reports. The actual study of the results depends on the purpose of each load case and the reason for the analysis.

Usually the review checks that the system stresses are below their allowables, restraint loads are acceptable, and displacements are not excessive. Additional post processing such as equipment, nozzle, and structural steel checks might be required depending on the model and type of analysis.

After you finish reviewing the output, return to the main window by exiting the output review module. Keep this window as small as possible to conserve screen space. Topics File Menu Topics Set Default Data Directory Set Default Data Directory Sets the default data project directory without selecting a specific job file. The data directory specification is very important because any configuration, units, or other data files found in that directory are considered to be local to that job.

New Starts a new piping or structural job. Enter the name for the NEW job file - Specifies the job name. Piping Input - Indicates that the job is a piping job. Structural Input - Indicates that the job is a structural job. Enter the data directory - Specifies the location of the job file. You can type the directory into the field, or click the browse button to browse to the directory.

Open Opens an existing piping or structural job. Use the Open dialog box to browse to and select the job file to open. You can also roll-back to a previous revision of a piping input job using the Open dialog box. Browse to and then select the piping input job to roll-back. In the Previous Revisions list in the bottom-right corner of the Open dialog box, select the revision to rollback to.

Click Open. The software asks you to confirm restoring the selected backup. Click Yes to restore the previous revision. Input Menu The Input menu is used to select the modules to define the job input parameters. Piping and Underground are available for piping jobs. Structural Steel is available for structural jobs. Piping - Defines piping job parameters. For more information, see Piping Input Reference on page Underground - Converts an existing piping model to buried pipe. For more information, see Buried Pipe Modeler on page Structural Steel - Defines structural steel for the job.

For more information, see Structural Steel Modeler on page Statics - Performs Static analysis of pipe or structure. The command is available after error checking the input files. Dynamics - Performs Dynamic analysis of pipe or structure. For more information, see Dynamic Analysis on page Intersection SIF Scratchpad - Displays scratch pads used to calculate stress intensification factors at tee intersections.

For more information, see Bend Stress Intensification Factors on page Flanges - Performs flange stress and leakage calculations. G - Estimates pipeline remaining life.

For more information, see Expansion Joint Rating on page API - Evaluates piping loads on centrifugal pumps. API - Evaluates piping loads on compressors. API - Evaluates piping loads on air-cooled heat exchangers. HEI Standard - Evaluates piping loads on feedwater heaters.

API - Evaluates piping loads on fired heaters. Output Menu The Output menu lists all available output of piping or structural calculations that can be selected for review. Static - Displays the results of a static analysis. Harmonic - Displays Harmonic Loading results.

Animation - Displays Animated Graphic simulations of any of the above results. Additionally, significant portions of the documentation, including the various guides and F1 Help information, are translated. English United States - Identifies that the current language is English, which is the default language.

Each time that you open the software, it searches for this configuration file in the current data folder. For more information, see Configuration and Environment on page Calculator - Launches an on-screen calculator. Change Model Units - Converts an existing input file to a new set of units.

For more information, see Change Model Units on page For more information, see Material Database on page Accounting - Activates or customizes job accounting or generates accounting reports.

For more information, see Accounting on page Multi-Job Analysis - Enables the user to run a stream of jobs without operator intervention. For more information, see Batch Stream Processing on page External Interfaces - Displays the interfaces to and from third party software both CAD and analytical. For more information, see External Interfaces on page I-Configure - Starts I-Configure. In addition, all toolbar customizations are reset to the default state and your video driver is to OpenGL.

Diagnostics Menu The Diagnostics menu activates utilities to help troubleshoot problem installations. CRC Check - Verifies program files are not corrupted. These commands are disabled if you are using SmartPlant License Manager. Authorization Codes - See the Access Codes option. View Menu The View menu is used to enable and customize the status bar and all toolbars. Toolbar - Displays or hides toolbars and allows you to customize toolbars.

Status Bar - Displays or hides the status bar at the bottom of the window. An active internet connection is required. Information - Provides information on the best ways to contact Intergraph CAS personnel for technical support and provides internet links for Intergraph CAS downloads and information.

A help screen displays showing a discussion and the required units, if applicable. Configuration and Environment This section discusses the configuration options that are available.

Each time that you open the software, it searches for this configuration file in the current data directory and uses it to perform the analysis. If the configuration file is not found in the current data directory, the software then searches the installation folder. To produce identical results between computers, use the same configuration file. Make a copy of the setup file to be archived with input and output data so that identical reruns can be made.

The units file, if it is modified, must also be identical if the same results are to be produced. Alternatively, you can click Configure on the toolbar. The attributes for Computational Control display. In the left-hand pane, the configuration spreadsheets categories display. In the right-hand pane, the configuration spreadsheet values for that category display. The Data Directory displays the path where the current configuration file is stored.

Click the title in the Categories pane to navigate to the appropriate configuration spreadsheets. Click Save and Exit located in the top-left corner of the Configuration Editor window. Click the description to change a value for a configuration attribute, A drop-down menu which contains the possible values for the attribute displays. Select a new value. The new value displays in bold text.

Continue changing values until you are finished. Click Alt D to reset an individual field value in the current configuration file to its default value. Click the Reset All drop-down menu. The various default file options display. Select a default file. The values in left-hand pane change to the default values. Values change to normal text from bold text. Save the changes. Computational Control The Computational Control category provides access to the following groups of configuration settings: Convergence Tolerances on page 47 Input Spreadsheet Defaults on page 49 Miscellaneous on page Decomposition Singularity Tolerance Defines the value used by the software to check the ratio of off-diagonal to on-diagonal coefficients in the row.

The default value is 1. If this ratio is greater than the decomposition singularity tolerance, then a numerical error may occur. This problem does not have to be associated with a system singularity. These solutions have several general characteristics: When computer precision errors of this type occur, they are very local in nature.

They typically affect only a single element or very small part of the model and are readily noticeable upon inspection. The 1E10 limit can be increased to 1E11 or 1E12 and still provide a reasonable check on solution accuracy. Any solution computed after increasing the limit should always be checked closely for reasonableness.

At 1E11 or 1E12, the number of significant figures in the local solution is reduced to two or three. Although the 1E10 limit can be increased to 1E20 or 1E30 to get the job to run, it is important to remember that the possibility for a locally errant solution exists when stiffness ratios are allowed to get this high. Solutions should be carefully checked. Friction Angle Variation Specifies the friction sliding angle variation. The default value is degrees.

This parameter had more significance in software versions prior to 2. It is currently only used in the first iteration when a restraint goes from the non-sliding to sliding state. All subsequent iterations compensate for the angle variation automatically. Friction Normal Force Variation Defines the amount of variation in the normal force that is permitted before an adjustment is made in the sliding friction force. The default value is 0. Normally, you should not adjust this value.

Friction Slide Multiplier Specifies the internal friction sliding force multiplier. Friction Stiffness Specifies the friction restraint stiffness.

The default value for the friction restraint stiffness is 1. If the structural load normal to a friction restraint is less than the restraint load multiplied by the coefficient of friction, the pipe will not move at this support this restraint node is "non-sliding.

Nonlinear convergence problems may be alleviated by reducing the friction restraint stiffness. Lower friction stiffness will more readily distribute friction loads throughout the system and allow nonlinear convergence. However, this lower stiffness affects the accuracy of the results. Lower stiffness values permit more "non-sliding" movement, but given the indeterminate nature of the friction problem in general, this error may not be crucial. Rod Increment Degrees Specifies the maximum amount of angular change that any one support can experience between iterations.

For difficult-to-converge problems, values of 0. When small values are used, you should be prepared for a large number of iterations. Rod Tolerance Degrees Specifies the angular plus-or-minus permitted convergence error.

For systems subject to large horizontal displacements, values of 5. Any entry in the Temp fields whose absolute magnitude is less than 0. Coefficient of Friction Mu Specifies the value that is applied by default as the coefficient of friction to all translational restraints.

If you enter 0, which is the default value, no friction is applied. Default Rotational Restraint Stiffness Defines the value used for non-specified rotational restraint stiffnesses. By default this value is assumed to be 1. Default Translational Restraint Stiffness Defines the value used for non-specified translational restraint stiffnesses. Hanger Default Restraint Stiffness Defines the value used for computing the hanger restrained weight loads. Where hangers are adjacent to other supports or are themselves very close, such as where there are two hangers on either side of a trunnion support, the CAESAR II hanger design algorithm may generate poorly distributed hot hanger loads in the vicinity of the close hangers.

Using a more flexible support for computing the hanger restrained weight loads often allows the design algorithm to more effectively distribute the systems weight.

For most piping codes, this value is only used during the minimum wall thickness computation. Mill tolerance is usually not considered in the flexibility analysis. The default value is New Job Ambient Temperature Represents the installed, or zero expansion, strain state. This value is only used to initialize the ambient temperature input field for new jobs.

Changing this configuration value will not affect existing jobs. To change the ambient temperature for an existing job, use the Ambient Temperature on page field in the Piping Input Special Execution Parameters dialog box. The Bourdon effect causes straight pipe to elongate and bends to open up translationally along a line connecting the curvature end points. If the Bourdon effect is disabled, there will be no global displacements due to pressure.

None - Disables the Bourdon effect. There will be no global displacements due to pressure. This option may apply for bends that are formed or rolled from straight pipe, where the bend-cross section will be slightly oval due to the bending process.

Bourdon Pressure Option 2. For elbows, Bourdon Pressure Option 1 should apply for forged and welded fittings where the bend cross-section can be considered essentially circular.

The Bourdon effect Trans only is always considered when FRP pipe is used, regardless of the actual setting of the Bourdon flag. Miscellaneous Topics Bend Axial Shape Bend Axial Shape Controls whether the displacement mode is ignored. For bends degrees or smaller, a major contributor to deformation can be the axial displacement of the short-arched pipe. With the axial shape function disabled, this displacement mode is ignored and the bend will be stiffer.

Ignore Spring Hanger Stiffness Indicates whether the software uses the stiffness of spring hangers in the analysis. The default setting is False, meaning that the software does not ignore the stiffness of spring hangers. Setting this option to True is consistent with hand computation methods of spring hanger design, which ignores the effects of the springs. Intergraph CAS recommends that you never change this value.

Include Insulation in Hydrotest Controls whether the weight of any insulation and cladding will be considered in the hydrotest case.

To ignore the insulation and cladding in the hydrotest case, select False the default setting. To include the weight of insulation and cladding in the hydrotest case, select True. If you select True, the software places the designed spring stiffness into the Hanger Operating Travel Case and iterates until the system balances.

This iteration scheme therefore considers the effect of the spring hanger stiffness on the thermal growth of the system vertical travel of the spring. If this option is used, it is very important that the hanger load in the cold case in the physical system be adjusted to match the reported hanger cold load. If you select False, spring hangers are designed the traditional way. Incore Numerical Check Enables the incore solution module to test the solution stability for the current model and loadings.

This option, if selected, adds the solution of an extra load case to the analysis. If you select Extracted the default setting , the software will use the spectrum value at the last "extracted" mode.

In these cases, pressure stiffening effects will apply to all bends, elbows, and both miter types. In all cases, the pressure used is the maximum of all pressures defined for the element. Pressure stiffening effects are defined in Appendix D of B When set to Default, the software considers the pressure stiffening of bends according to the active piping code. This is the default setting.

In , WRC Bulletin was released. It is not an update or a revision of Bulletin simply provides equations in place of the curves found in Bulletin Database Definitions The Database Definitions category provides access to the following groups of configuration settings: Databases on page Select a folder in the list. All of the system folders contain formatting files, units files, text files, and other user-configurable data files.

Therefore, you may want to switch between system folders depending on the current job. Use Multiple System Folders in the Same Location You can create multiple system folders in the same location to provide different options for different projects. For example, you could set up system folders specified for each of the piping codes configurations you need, such as: System. STM Stoomwezen code system configuration System. Then, you can select one and save the configuration.

Use System Folders in Varying Locations You can create system folders that reside in other locations, such as somewhere on your network. This allows you to share the settings from the System folder with others. However, you must copy the System folder and other necessary program folders to the secondary location. You can leave the Backup, Examples, and Temp folders in the original program folder location, as shown in the example below.

The file name requirements mentioned in the previous section apply for system folders on a network or in a secondary location as well. In addition, you can set up network system files that apply at a project level. There must be a primary system folder, named System, in which the software can place accounting, version, and diagnostic files that it creates during execution.

Default Spring Hanger Table Defines the value of the default spring hanger table, which is referenced during the spring hanger design stage of the solution. The software includes tables from more than 30 different vendors. Expansion Joints Specifies which expansion joint database the software should reference during subsequent input sessions. Load Case Template Specifies which load case template is active.

The software uses the active template file to recommend load cases. TPL default Select this option to include additional Expansion EXP stress range load cases for better coverage of multiple operating conditions. Piping Size Specification Specifies the piping specification standard. By default, the software uses the ANSI pipe size and schedule tables in the input processor.

Structural Database Specifies which database file is used to acquire the structural steel shape labels and cross section properties. Units File Name Specifies which of the available units files is active.

The active units file is used for new job creation and all output generation. The software first searches for units files in the local data directory, followed by the active System directory. By default, when you add to or modify the supplied material database, the changes are saved to a file named umat1. Click Display Status of Reserved License on the Display Options dialog box to determine the number of licenses that your key contains.

Click Scavenge for Keys on the Scavenge Options dialog box to scavenge for the third license that you are unable to use. Verify that clients and servers can telnet to each other. Look for anomalies such as two nodes on the network with the same name or the reuse of an old name for a new computer, but with some traces of the old computer still existing in files on the network.

When an application is on a computer that is disconnected from the network without exiting the product, how long is the license held? How long would a daily license last? Daily license expires after 12 hours.

Using this utility allows you to run ICAS products without a network connection to the license machine. Each user on a server can check out a license from that server.

When you check out a license, the license and expiration information are stored on your local machine, separate from other license and expiration information. A license is available only for the user that checks out the license. Each time you start the product during the checkout period, a message displays the expiration date for the checked out license.

When the checkout period for the license expires, the ICAS product attempts to request a license using SmartPlant License Manager the next time you start the product. For example, after the license expires at PM on the expiration date, the next time you start the product, it attempts to access the SmartPlant License Manager license machine for base and module licenses prior to running.

The older version of the SmartPlant License Checkout Utility is needed to work with your currently-loaded application s. Refer to the compatibility matrix chart on ecustomer for information on application versions and their required version of the SmartPlant License Checkout Utility. Install the Utility 1. Insert the product disc. If the installation does not start automatically, double-click setup. Type your name and company name. Verify your name and company name, and then click Next.

Click Display to read and accept the license agreement, and then click Yes. You must have a PDF reader to view the license agreement. Specify the destination folder. Review your settings, and then click Next. Click Install to start the installation process. Click Finish. Options Application Group - Displays the installed products available for license checkout. Select the product for which you want to check out licenses. If the Application Group list is empty, your application requires an older version of the checkout utility.

Please check your original product installation media for the compatible version of the utility. Available Modules - Displays any modules or add-ins available with your product. If no modules appear in the list, either your product contains no supported modules, or no modules have been installed. Check the box beside the module for which you want to check out a license, and then click Check Out. If you want to check out only the base product, do not check any of the modules.

License Expiration - Specifies the date that you want the checkout to expire. When the checkout period for the license expires, the product returns to normal and connected license operation using the SmartPlant License Manager the next time you start the product. In the Available Modules list, click the checkbox for each module you need. Select an expiration from the License Expiration list, and then click Check Out.

The checkout utility searches for an available license. You may experience a delay as the utility checks the network for available licenses. When you are on the last day of your license checkout, the status displays you have zero days remaining. Once you check out a license, it cannot be checked in. If you check out three modules four total licenses: one base and three modules , then attempt to run the License Checkout Utility again and select two other modules, the software displays a dialog box that notifies you that a license is already checked out for CAESAR II and displays the expiration date for that license.

In other words, you cannot install or remove modules while running in remote license mode. The first time that you run CAESAR II after the checked out licenses expire, the software displays a message informing you that the checked out licenses have expired and that the software is reverting to the standard connected license mode and attempting to get licenses from SmartPlant License Manager. For more information, see Software and Hardware Requirements on page This guide can be opened directly from the DVD without installing the software.

Specify the target installation drive and folder, and the software will be copied and expanded accordingly. Some networks protect installation directories from subsequent modification by users. This involves setting the access rights to the installation folder to read, share, and scan. Consult your system administrator for further clarification. Most unsuccessful installations are caused by other software running at the same time as the installer. NET Framework 3. On the License Agreement page, carefully read the license agreement.

Click I accept the terms in the license agreement, and then click Next. The serial number is provided to you by Intergraph CAS. Click Next to continue. Select the appropriate setup type, and click Next.

In most cases, you want to select Complete. On the Destination Folder page, review the default folder path. If needed, click Change and select the folder location. On the Select Language page, click the needed language, and then click Next. For more information, see Licensing on page Review the configuration options and make any needed changes.

If an ESL license type was selected, the Aladdin device driver installation begins. Click OK on each dialog box. Click Finish to exit the installer. You can then perform an unattended installation without dialog boxes, such as when performing a network installation or a corporate repackaging.

Use the following command-line arguments and parameters with Windows Installer msiexec. The Command Prompt window opens. For example, type: E: 3. You must type this command from the drive and path in which the program setup. The Windows 8 platform installs with. NET Framework 4. From Windows 8, you can enable. You must have an Internet connection to enable. To enable. From the Control Panel, click Programs. Would friction increase the significance of the structure?

Page: 9 Tutor m. Review the types of joint assemblies. The vertical loads associated with thermal expansion can be adjusted by the spring at Node Use this value to select the number of convolutions. Then install the expansion joint and analyze its suitability.

Results: Using the expansion case displacements, calculate the change in position between Node 20 and Node Why is it so high? The catalog shows a 20 convolution joint provides Page: 10 Tutor m. To save time in this examination, the expansion joint will be placed between the flange and pipe rather than between the nozzle and flange. The error introduced will be small. Torsional rotation Ry is 0. Sustained installed loads are small indicating that these large loads are due to thermal growth.

Page: 11 Tutor m. Length A of the Standards of EJMA Other convolution counts are available; watch out for fatigue rating of cycles ; consult the manufacturer. Page: 12 Tutor m. Note that the imposed displacements could be defined without modeling the vessel. Here, T will be the vessel thickness plus the pad thickness. The element sequence is now , and the system is disconnected.

It will be re-connected by the nozzle specification next. The nozzle provides no axial flexibility but the longitudinal and circumferential bending flexibilities appear significant. Page: 13 Tutor m. These loads are greatly improved but still exceed the limit of 2. Including this flexibility in the loop and expansion joint models will be left to the student.

Check other structural results and pipe stresses. Conclusion: The drop in load is significant but additional flexibility either the loop or expansion joint is required to satisfy the pump limitations. Assuming that added flexibility for the pump will drop the vessel loads, evaluate the current vessel loads.

Stresses are calculated using a Division 1 — Design by Rule — approach while they are evaluated using the Division 2 — Design by Analysis — approach. Since not all of the Division 2 criteria will be examined here, the Division 1 maximum allowable stress limits defined above will be used rather than the Division 2 design stress intensities. This is away from the junction discontinuity and is simply calculated using pressure stress equations.

This stress combines the local membrane stress stress that is constant across the cross section due to sustained loads from WRC with the pressure term in Pm. These primary plus secondary stresses are used to monitor fatigue. Q is calculated using the WRC Page: 14 Tutor m.

Pb is bending due to pressure. This is monitored just as Pm but the limit is 1. Test this by running the analysis with and without pressure thrust. Page: 15 Tutor m. Model: What are typical values for the coefficient of friction? Mz to Table 4 ratio is 2. The limit is 2. Need an account? Click here to sign up. Download Free PDF. Liliana Torres. A short summary of this paper. Download Download PDF. Translate PDF. Indicate where additional definitions stiffness, gap, etc.

The restraint type or vector may follow any line by defining direction cosines. They may be signed to provide restraint in only one direction. A restraint with no stiffness listed will be assumed rigid. Stiffness defined along with several other modifiers listed below. Starting with a quick sketch, the problem will be developed through a series of tasks, each of which will develop another aspect of the program.

Task 1: Route pipe from pump discharge A to fixed nozzle D. Page: 2 Tutor m. This spacing will minimize sustained stress and line deflection thus eliminating the need for a sustained stress analysis. Since we will check these stresses anyway and since the line weight is less than water-filled, we can exceed the suggested spacing. This value pump occurs on the branch runs of the check valve by pass. Fix: One of the easiest fixes for an overstressed component is to replace it with a stronger component.

Component strength is indicated by the stress intensification factor SIF. Here, the stub-in branches are overstressed. Their in-plane SIF is 3. Adding a pad to these tees will strengthen them. With the stress here proportional to the SIF, the stress should be acceptable if the tees are changed. This modification will have no effect on the flexibility of the model. Run the analysis again with pads specified at these tee connections.

Note that a welding tee or some other self-reinforced attachment may be a better choice in light of the labor associated with attaching the pad.

There is no inherent flexibility that was conveniently excluded from the model so an expansion loop will be introduced. How big is big enough and where should it be placed? Page: 3 Tutor m. Task 2: Design an expansion loop.